Sudan’s capital, Khartoum and sister city Bahri have come under renewed air attack as the war between the army and paramilitary forces entered its fifth week, deepening a humanitarian crisis for trapped and displaced civilians.
Mass looting by armed men and civilians alike is making life an even greater misery for Khartoum residents pinned down by fierce fighting between the regular military and paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF), witnesses said on Friday.
The conflict has displaced an estimated 843,000 people within Sudan and put around 250,000 to escape to neighbouring countries, the United Nations refugee agency said on Friday.
Army chief General Abdel Fattah al Burhan took the long-anticipated step on Friday of removing RSF chief Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, better known as Hemedti, from his post as his deputy on the ruling Sovereign Council.
The two had run the council since 2019, when they overthrew strongman President Omar al Bashir amid mass protests against his rule, before staging a coup in 2021 as a deadline neared to hand power to civilians for a transition towards free elections.
Fighting broke out on April 15 after disputes over plans for the RSF to be integrated into the army and over the future chain of command under an internationally backed deal to shift Sudan towards democracy after decades of conflict-ridden autocracy.
Burhan installed Malik Agar, leader of an armed group that had signed a peace agreement with the government in 2020, as Hemedti’s replacement.
Air strikes targeted districts in eastern Khartoum and witnesses reported hearing anti-aircraft weapons used by the RSF. Bahri and Sharg el Nil across the Nile River from Khartoum were subjected to air strikes overnight and Friday morning.
‘Bodies everywhere’
“On the road I saw about 30 military trucks destroyed by (air) strikes. There were bodies everywhere, some of them army and some RSF. Some had started decomposing. It was really horrible,” said Ahmed, a young man making his way through Bahri.
The RSF is embedded in residential districts of much of Khartoum and adjoining Bahri and Omdurman, drawing almost continual air strikes by the regular armed forces.
Witnesses said the army had also started placing barriers on some roads in southern Khartoum to keep the RSF away from an important military base there.
Fighting also flared in the city of Nyala, the capital of the South Darfur region in the southwest and one of the sprawling country’s largest cities, for a second day after weeks of relative calm. Heavy artillery detonations started up in the morning and several people had been killed, a local activist said.
Militia attacks and subsequent clashes in the West Darfur city of Geneina have claimed the lives of hundreds.
Saudi- and US-sponsored ceasefire talks have continued without a breakthrough in the Saudi city of Jeddah, and the conflict was also among the top items on the agenda of an Arab League meeting there on Friday.
With the fighting has come a collapse in law and order, with rampant looting, blamed by the army and RSF on each other, hitting Sudanese homes, factories, gold markets, banks, vehicles and churches. A rapid dwindling of stocks of food, cash and other essentials has driven much of the pillaging.
“Nobody protects us. No police. No state. The criminals are attacking our houses and taking everything we own,” said Sarah Abdelazim, 35, a government employee in Khartoum.
Some 705 people have been killed by the fighting, with at least 5,287 injured, according to the World Health Organization.
The chief of the US Agency for International Development, Samantha Powers, travelled on Thursday to Chad, where tens of thousands have fled fighting.
